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A Must-Read Comprehensive History of Artificial Intelligence

Turing's 1950 paper ponders "machine thought" with the "Turing Test" (machine mimics human). This debated idea shaped AI and the philosophy of thought.

1950

"Artificial intelligence" is born at the 1956 Dartmouth conference, coined by McCarthy. And then Newell, Shaw, and Simon built the Logic Theorist, the first working AI program.

1956

Perceptron, the first learning computer by Rosenblatt (1967), sparked neural networks. But Minsky and Papert's "Perceptrons" (1968) cast doubt, hindering the field for years.

1967

Backpropagation unlocks neural networks potential. This training method (1980s) fueled their widespread use in modern AI.

1980

Russell & Norvig's "Modern Approach" (1995) defines AI in 4 ways, focusing on rationality and thought VS mere action, becoming a key AI textbook.

1995

Big Blue shocks the world by defeating chess champion Kasparov (1997).

1997

McCarthy defines AI in his paper (1955) as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".

2004

Watson, IBM's AI, triumphs over Jeopardy, Legends Jennings & Rutter (2011).

2011

Baidu's Minwa aces image recognition (beating humans) with convolutional neural networks, a powerful AI tool.

2015

DeepMind's AlphaGo conquers Go champion Lee Sedol (2016). This AI, using deep learning, masters a complex game (14.5 trillion moves!) sparking Google's $400M acquisition.

2016

Huge language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT power AI's leap (2020s). Pre-training on massive data unlocks vast potential for businesses.

2023